《看得见风景的房间》中的父亲形象研究

由于自身生活经历的影响，福斯特的作品中经常缺乏父亲形象，而福斯特小说中的“父亲”问题也很少受到关注。拉康关于父亲的理论受到广泛关注，这一理论认为，父亲-母亲-孩子的三角结构是组成稳定家庭的关键因素。父亲的缺失会使这一稳定结构遭到破坏，但是，由于父亲缺失遗留下的位置会由他人或他物来填补，父亲的缺失也是象征性的。在福斯特作品《看得见风景的房间》中，父亲的缺失就是象征性的，父亲对女儿的监控作用通过其他人物得到了实现，文本中缺失的仅是父亲的形象，父亲的声音却是贯穿始终的。     

The numerical evaluation of the distribution function of a bilinear from to a quadratic from with econometric examples

This paper considers a general and computationally convenient method of evaluating the distribution function of statistics that are the ratio of a bilinear form to a quadratic form. Numerous Economemc applications of the method are given.     

Modified minimax estimation of regression coefficients

Working with the linear regression model (1.1) and having the extraneous information (1.2) about regression coefficients the problem exists how to build estimators (1.3) with the risk (1.4) which enable to utilize the known information in order to reduce their risk as compared with the risk (1.6) of the LSE (1.5). Solution of this problem is known for the positive definite matrix T, namely in form for estimators (1.8) and (1.10).First, it is shown that the proposed estimators (2.6),(2.9) and (2.16) based on psedoinversions of the matrix L represent the solution of the problem of the positive semidefinite matrix T=L'L.Further, the problem of interpretability of estimators in the sense of the inequality (3.1) exists; it is shown that all mentioned estimators are at least partially interpretable in the sense of requirements (3.2) or (3.10).     

Inferences on the lognormal mean for complete samples

In many engineering problems it is necessary to draw statistical inferences on the mean of a lognormal distribution based on a complete sample of observations. Statistical demonstration of mean time to repair (MTTR) is one example. Although optimum confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for the lognormal mean have been developed, they are difficult to use, requiring extensive tables and/or a computer. In this paper, simplified conservative methods for calculating confidence intervals or hypothesis tests for the lognormal mean are presented. In this paper, “conservative” refers to confidence intervals (hypothesis tests) whose infimum coverage probability (supremum probability of rejecting the null hypothesis taken over parameter values under the null hypothesis) equals the nominal level. The term “conservative” has obvious implications to confidence intervals (they are “wider” in some sense than their optimum or exact counterparts). Applying the term “conservative” to hypothesis tests should not be confusing if it is remembered that this implies that their equivalent confidence intervals are conservative. No implication of optimality is intended for these conservative procedures. It is emphasized that these are direct statistical inference methods for the lognormal mean, as opposed to the already well-known methods for the parameters of the underlying normal distribution. The method currently employed in MIL-STD-471A for statistical demonstration of MTTR is analyzed and compared to the new method in terms of asymptotic relative efficiency. The new methods are also compared to the optimum methods derived by Land (1971, 1973).     

Elliptically contoured model and factorization of wllks1 A

In a series of papers, Kshirsagar (1964, 1971) and McHenry and Kshirsagar (1977), factorize Wilks' A into a number of factors and find the independent null multivariate beta densities of these factors. These factors are the likelihood ratio test criteria for testing the goodness of fit of certain assigned discriminant functions or canonical variables either in the space of independent or dependent variables. Essentially the factors of Wilks' A are the factors of certain multivariate beta distributed matrix or its determinant. The Bartlett decomposition of the underlying multivariate beta distribution into independent factors determines the distribution of these factors. The present paper generalizes Kshirsagar's (1971) normal theory to the elliptically contoured model, and shows that his results are null robust for the elliptically contoured model.     

司马迁心目中的理想男性观——以《史记》中项羽、刘邦人物形象为例

以项羽、刘邦这对人物形象为例，分析了司马迁心目中理想男性形象的性格特征，并考察了司马迁描写这些历史人物叙事过程中的理想愿望与现实当中的种种不足，进而分析出司马迁对这种困境或困惑的处理方式：“一手两笔”，体现出其塑造人物手法的高超。     

Bisphenol A: How the Most Relevant Exposure Sources Contribute to Total Consumer Exposure

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that is found in human urine throughout industrial societies around the globe. Consumer exposure pathways to BPA include packaged food, household dust, air, and dental fillings. To date, information on the relative contribution of the different pathways to total consumer exposure is lacking, but is key for managing substance‐associated risks. We investigated the relative contributions of the pathways known to be most relevant for nine different consumer groups. Our results suggest that the most important pathways for infants and children are the use of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles and for adults and teenagers the consumption of canned food. Dental surgery can also considerably contribute over a short time directly after the surgery. For infants fed with PC baby bottles with mean dose rates of 0.8 μg/kg_bw/d the highest exposure dose rate was calculated. This dose rate is far below the tolerable daily intake of 50 μg/kg_bw/d. However, it is of the same order of magnitude as recently reported concentrations that caused low‐dose health effects in rodents. We find a pattern of falling exposure levels with rising age that is supported by urinary concentrations of BPA available for selected consumer groups. Similarly, the exposure levels we predict are confirmed by the levels reported in these studies.     

论《畿辅方言》对《汉语方言大词典》修订的作用

清人王树柑《畿辅方言》是清末民初一部记载河北方言的辞书，也是一部研究河北古代方言的专书，在方言学史和汉语词汇史上具有重要地位与价值。《畿辅方言》以词汇研究为视角，对《汉语方言大词典》修订的作用体现在增补词目、补充义项、提前书证、补充书证等四个方面。     

莫里森的《慈悲》：对人们善良本性的呼唤

从《圣经》中＂慈悲＂意义出发,通过分析莫里森新作《慈悲》中主人公雅各布从一个具有慈悲心肠的人到贪婪的奴隶主的蜕变过程,阐述＂慈悲＂在小说中的含义,指出莫里森用＂慈悲＂为这部小说命名的创作动机：唤醒人们心底的善良本性,消除歧视,共创宁静和谐。     

Planning for the 1950 Censuses of Population and Agriculture

The change from the z of “Student's” 1908 paper to the t of present day statistical theory and practice is traced and documented. It is shown that the change was brought about by the extension of “Student's” approach, by R.A. Fisher, to a broader class of problems, in response to a direct appeal from “Student” for a solution to one of these problems.